Lección 7: Used to do and Be used to doing.

Aunque a primera vista estas dos formas puedan parecer muy similares, existe una gran diferencia entre ellas. Used to se utiliza para hablar del pasado, para designar algo que solías hacer. Por su parte, Be used to doing se usa en presenta designa una costumbre. Su traducción pues, sería:

I used to play football.--> Yo solía jugar a fútbol.
I'm used to playing football.--> Estoy acostumbrado a jugar a fútbol.

Estructuras:

USED TO + INFINITIVE

AFFIRMATIVE                       NEGATIVE ( !!!! use, not used!!!)         QUESTION (!!! use, not used!!!)

I used to play                        I did not/ didn't use to play                           Did I use to play?
You used to play                  You did not/ didn't use to play                       Did you use to play?
He/she/It used to play           He/she/It did not/ didn't use to play               Did he/she/it use to play?

We used to play                  We did not/ didn't use to play                        Did we use to play?
You used to play                 You did not/ didn't use to play                       Did you use to play?
They used to play                They did not/ didn't use to play                      Did they use to play?


BE USED TO + ING

AFFIRMATIVE                    NEGATIVE                                         QUESTION

I am used to playing                I am not /'m not used to playing          Am I used to playing?
You are used to playing          You are not/ aren't used to playing     Are you used to playing?
He/she/it used to playing         He/she/it is not/ isn't used to playing    Is he/she/it used to playing?

We are used to playing         We are not/aren't used to playing         Are we used to playing?
You are used to playing        You are not/aren't used to playing        Are you used to playing?
They are used to playing       They are not/aren't used to playing       Are they used to playing?


Podemos usar la estructura GET USED TO para hablar de cosas que cada vez nos son más familiares.
Ej.

I got used to sleeping during the day.--> Me acostumbré a dormir durante el día.
They're getting used to working hard.--> Ellos se están acostumbrando a trabajar duro.




Próxima lección: Verbs: The perfect tenses: the present perfect.

Lección 6: Verbs. The past simple and the past continuous.

The past simple

Regular verbs add -ed and irregular ones present their own forms.

POSITIVE                             NEGATIVE                        QUESTIONS

I   cleaned                           I   did not/didn't clean                    Did I clean?
You   cleaned                     You   did not/didn't clean               Did you clean?
He/She/It   cleaned             He/She/It   did not/didn't clean       Did he/she/it clean?

We   cleaned                     We   did not/didn't clean                 Did we clean?
You   cleaned                    You   did not/didn't clean                Did you clean?
They   cleaned                   They   did not/didn't clean               Did they clean?


USES

• Describing actions completed in the past.
• Describing actions completed that happened in a specific moment in the past.
• Describing the conclusion of actions in the past.
• Describing specific actions that happend while ther was another one happening.

SPELLING RULES TO ADD -ED/D

• Verbs ending in e, add -d : love--> loved
• Verbs ending in y preceded by consonant, change to i and add -ed: carry--> carried
• One-syllable verbs ending in one consonant preceded by one vowel, double the consonant and add -ed: clap--> clapped
• Verbs where the last syllable is stressed, double the final consonant and add -ed: submit--> submitted
• Verbs ending in one vowel and l, double the l and add -ed: travel--> travelled

The past continuous

It is form with the past simple of to be and the -ing form of the main verb.

was/were +-ing

POSTIVE                                     NEGATIVE                                   QUESTIONS

I   was cleaning                       I   was not/ wasn't cleaning                   Was I cleaning?

You   were cleaning                You were not/weren't cleaning              Were you cleaning?

He/she/it   was cleaning           He/she it   was not / wasn't cleaning      Was he/she/it cleaning?

We   were cleaning                We   were not/ weren't cleaning            Were we cleaning?

You   were cleaning               You   were not/ weren't cleaning           Were you cleaning?

They   were cleaning              They   were not/ weren't cleaning          Were they cleaning?

USES:

• Describing an incompleted action happening in a specific time in the past.
• Describing an incompleted action that was happening when another one happened.
• Describing in the past.

Próxima lección: Used to/ Be used to.

Lección 5: State verbs and action verbs.

Lección 5: State verbs and action verbs.

In english we differenciate between states and actions.

•  State: something staying the same. E.g:  She hates you.
• Action: something happening. E.g: I'm eating an apple.

Sometimes there are  verbs that can be used either for a state or for an action.

I think you're wrong. (=believe) STATE      I'm thinking about you. ACTION.

We have three cars. (=own). STATE           We're having dinner.( =eating) ACTION.

I see what you're saying. (=undertand) STATE   She is seeing her boss. (=meeting) ACTION.

You look nice. STATE                                 I'm looking at the picture. ACTION

States are written in SIMPLE TENSES, and Actions can be written in SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS.

BE: the examples with this verb are about how people behave.

• PERMANENT QUALITY:  You are really nice.

• TEMPORARY BEHAVIOUR:  You're being very friendly today.

We also can use some state verbs in the continuous to talk about a short period of time.

• PERMANENT STATE (simple tenses) I love dancing.
• SHORT PERIOD (continuous) I'm loving this party.

Próxima lección: VERBS: The past simple and the past continuous.

Lección 4: Verbs: The present simple and the present continuous.

The present simple.

FORMS:

POSITIVE                        NEGATIVE                                     QUESTION

I   like                            I  don't like                             Do I like?
You   like                       You  don't like                        Do you like?
He/She/It  likes              He/She/It  doesn't like             Does he/she/it like?

We  like                        We  don't like                          Do we like?
You  like                       You  don't like                         Do you like?
They  like                      They  don't like                        Do they like?


USE:

• Habits and routines.
• Facts and general truths.
• Describing permanent situations.
• Thoughts and feelings.
• Phrases like : I promise, I agree, etc.
• In a negative question with why to make a suggestion: Why don't we go out?

The present continuous.

FORM:

POSITIVE                             NEGATIVE                                   QUESTION

I  am dancing                        I  am not dancing                            Am I dancing?

You  are dancing                  You  are not /aren't dancing             Are you dancing?

He/She/It  is dancing             He/She/It  is not/isn't dancing          Is he/she/it dancing?

We are dancing                    We  are not /aren't dancing              Are we dancing?

You  are dancing                  You  are not /aren't dancing             Are you dancing?

They  are dancing                 They  are not /aren't dancing            Are they dancing?

USE:

• Actions happening now.
• When you are in the middle of something but not actually doing it at the moment of speaking.
• Specific plans in the future.
• Repetitive actions. You're always doing... .
• Temporary situation.

Próxima lección: Verbs: State verbs and action verbs.

Lección 3: Direct and indirect objects.

3. Direct and indirect objects.

''The direct object is the thing and the indirect object is the person.'' This is the easy way to identify the objects. Here you have an example:

Ian gave Claire some chocolates.

Indirect object.
Direct object.


We've got two structures:

Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object

She +  gave + him + a letter.
 We + bought + him + the sweater

Subject + verb + direct object + indirect object

She + gave + a letter + to him.
We + bought + the sweater + for him.


When do we put to? And for?

We give something TO someone, and we buy something FOR someone.

Some verbs with TO:
bring, feed, give, hand, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw, write


Some verbs with FOR:
book, bring, build, buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, leave, make, order, pick, reserve, save


As we have seen, sometimes there is a pronoun and a noun after a verb such as give. The pronoun usually comes before the noun.

He gave her some flowers.


Siguiente lección: Verbs: The present simple and the present continuous.

Lección 2: Sentence structure.

2. Sentence structure.

The parts of a sentence are: subject, verb, object, complement and adverbial. There are five main structures which can be used.

1. Subject + verb       Something-  happened.

2. Subject + verb + object.     I - love - you.

3. Subject + verb + complement*   This pizza - is - spicy.

* the complement can be an adjective or a noun phrase.

4.  Subject + verb + adverbial.  It - is- behind you.

5. Subject + verb+ object+ object.    John - gave- her- a present.

ADVERBIALS: We can add adverbials to all the structures. (See the words in blue)



1. Subject + verb       Something-  happened suddenly.

2. Subject + verb + object.     I - love - you- intensively.

3. Subject + verb + complement*   Of course This pizza - is - spicy.

* the complement can be an adjective or a noun phrase.

4.  Subject + verb + adverbial. Unluckyly  It - is- behind you.

5. Subject + verb+ object+ object.    John - gave- her- a present. immediately.





Siguiente lección: Direct and indirect objects.

Lección 1: Tipos de palabras: sustantivos, verbos, adjetivos, etc.

Lección 1: Tipos de palabras: sustantivos, verbos, adjetivos, etc.

¿Que tipo de palabra?/ What kind of word?

En Inglés hay 8 tipos de palabras diferentes, a las cuales llamamos 'word classes' o 'parts of speech'. A continuación tenéis la clasificación y algunos ejemplos.

In English there are 8 different kinds of words, which are known as 'word classes' or 'parts of speech'. Here you have the classification and some examples.

1. Verbs: have, am, is, would, like, are, eat, see, etc.
2. Noun: work, cofee, food, table, chair, cat, dog, etc.
3. Adjective: important, cheap, expensive, beatiful, ugly, etc.
4. Adverb: tomorrow, yesterday, really, here, there, etc.
5. Preposition: to, at, on, off, in, etc.
6. Determiner: an, this, our, the, etc.
7. Pronoun: I, you, he , she, it, we, they, etc.
8. Linking word: so, and, but,etc.

Las palabras en las oraciones./ Words in sentences.

Algunas palabras pueden pertenecer a diferentes clases dependiendo de como son usadas en una oración.
Some words can belong to different classes depending on how they are used in a sentence.

Ejemplo:
Example:

Can I look at this?   VERB
I like the look of your hair.  NOUN.


We work there.  VERB
I'll be at work tomorrow.  NOUN.




Siguiente lección: La estructura de una oración: sujeto, verbo, objecto, etc./ Sentence structure: subject, verb, object, etc.